Preparing tomorrow’s workforce: Vocational training trends in developing nations

By equipping individuals with the practical skills and knowledge needed for various trades and professions, VET is helping to meet the demand for a skilled labour force.

This is particularly important in developing nations, where such programs are seen as essential for boosting employability, fostering economic growth, and addressing the evolving needs of the global job market.

However, for VET systems in low- and middle-income countries to thrive, they must overcome several challenges and adapt to emerging trends.

Emerging trends in Vocational Education

Emphasis on skills-based education

A major shift in vocational education is the growing focus on skills-based training. In many industries, particularly those in high demand, there is a strong emphasis on practical, hands-on learning. This approach ensures that individuals gain job-specific skills that make them immediately employable. Sectors such as healthcare, construction, renewable energy, and information technology are seeing rising demand for trained professionals.

Integration of digital tools and technology

The digital revolution is transforming vocational education in developing countries. By incorporating digital tools, e-learning platforms, and virtual training environments, VET programs are enhancing learning experiences and preparing students for an increasingly digital job market.

Lifelong Learning and Upskilling

Many VET systems are adopting flexible, lifelong learning models to provide adults with opportunities to upskill and reskill throughout their careers. This approach is especially important in developing countries, where people may need to adapt to new sectors or economic shifts to remain employed.

Recognition of prior learning (RPL)

RPL allows individuals to have their prior work experience, informal learning, or non-formal training recognized as part of their qualifications. This system enables workers to gain official recognition for their skills without the need to repeat formal training. For many people in developing countries, RPL can be a powerful tool for enhancing social mobility and providing access to better job opportunities.

Internationalisation and Mobility

As global labour markets become more interconnected, there is an increasing demand for international recognition of vocational qualifications. Many developing countries are working to align their VET programs with international standards, ensuring that qualifications are recognized across borders. This opens up greater mobility for workers, allowing them to pursue opportunities in other countries and industries.

Despite the growing recognition of VET's importance, several challenges remain in developing countries. A joint study by the World Bank, UNESCO, and the International Labour Organization (ILO) indicates that vocational training systems in many low- and middle-income nations fail to meet the needs of the labour market.

Often, there is a mismatch between the skills taught in training programs and the skills employers are looking for. Infrastructure and resources in many VET institutions are also inadequate, leading to a lack of qualified instructors and outdated equipment.